Page 126 - Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding
P. 126
118 Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery using Smart Waterflooding
CA [L] 133.6 CA [L] 36.1
CA [L] 31.2
CA [R] 133.6 CA [R] 36.1
CA [R] 31.2
SW
SW+CO 2
LS +CO 2
1
CA [L] 46.5
CA [L] 94.6
CA [L] 60.0 CA [R] 46.5
CA [R] 94.6
CA [R] 60.0
SW
SW+CO 2 LS +CO 2
1
CA [L] 116.6
CA [L] 40.8
CA [R] 116.6 CA [L] 36.6
CA [R] 40.8 CA [R] 36.6
SW
SW+CO 2
LS +CO 2
1
FIG. 5.3 The contact angle of the system of crude oil/mixture fluid of brine and CO 2 /rock varying brine and
rock types. (Credit: From Teklu, T. W., Alameri, W., Graves, R. M., Kazemi, H., & AlSumaiti, A. M. (2016). Low-
salinity water-alternating-CO 2 EOR. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 142, 101e118. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.01.031.)
by 7.1% and 5.6% over the secondary waterflood has another advantage to reduce the IFT between
recovery. The miscible CO 2 injection process enhances oil and brine. The experimental study obviously demon-
the oil recovery by 14.2% and 25% over the recovery strated that the LS-CO 2 WAG process can secure the both
of the LSWF, respectively. The third set of coreflooding mechanisms of LSWF and miscible/immiscible CO 2
using sandstone core is performed at immiscible condi- injection.
tion. The LSWF increases the oil recovery by 7.7% over Ramanathan, Shehata, and Nasr-El-Din (2015)
the secondary waterflood. The CO 2 injection signifi- quantified the effect of salinity-dependent CO 2 solubility
cantly produces more oil by 38.5% than LSWF. In on the immiscible CO 2 WAG process through the
conclusion, the LS-CO 2 WAG is effective to improve contact angle measurements and coreflooding experi-
the oil recovery by IFT reduction and wettability modifi- ments. The captive bubble method measures the contact
cation. The additions of CO 2 and low-salinity water are angle in the two different systems of crude oil/Berea
effective to change both the carbonates and sandstones sandstone/brine and crude oil/Berea sandstone/brine/
toward hydrophilic conditions. The addition of CO 2 CO 2 . The aged and unaged cores are investigated to
