Page 171 - Illustrated Pocket Dictionary of Chromatography

S

salting-in The process of creating a high concentration salt solu-
tion such that it increases the solubility of an analyte in that solution.
The result may be that the analyte is solublized into the solution or
drawn from another phase into the solution.
salting-out The process of creating a high concentration salt solu-
tion such that it decreases the solubility of an analyte in that solution.
The result may be that the analyte is partitioned into another phase
or precipitated out of solution altogether.

sample Can refer to the original material that is processed for
testing as well as the actual solution being analyzed.

sample capacity The maximum amount of sample that can be
injected into a system without the concentration itself affecting the
elution profile. Sample capacity is limited by the amount of sample
both that the column can accept (i.e., overloading the equilibrium sites
on the surface) or that the detector can respond to without satura-
tion. In the first case the peak shows fronting and in the second flat-
topped or shaped-distorted maxima for a peak.

sample, check A sample that has previously been analyzed and its
result is valid and stable over time. A check sample is prepared and
analyzed along with current samples in order to confirm that analyst,
instrument, and method are all working as expected.

sample preparation Any or all of a series of steps taken to gen-
erate a solution compatible with the analytical method. Sample prepa-
ration techniques include those that clean up, concentrate, derivatize,
or any combination of these. In one of its simplest forms sample
preparation may just involve sample dilution.

scrubber See purifier.
sedimentation The process of separating particles by size and
density through their settling velocity.

Illustrated Pocket Dictionary of Chromatography, by Paul C. Sadek.
ISBN 0-471-20021-2 Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
173