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122 Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling, and Reuse

tangential port sets up a vortex and establishes a large pressure drop across the
device. The tangential velocity of flow increases from the periphery toward
the center, creating a swirling flow. The flow in vortex diodes can be clas-
sified as confined vortex flow. The principle of working in the vortex diode
is shown schematically in Figure 2.13. One form of vortex diode, along with
the cross sectional views, is shown in Figure 2.14.

Fluid
inlet

Bubble Bubble Unstable Bubble
growth growth bubble collapse
5000 K 1000 atm

Cavities generation in diode
Figure 2.13 Vortex diode: working principle.

D TO
D = Diode chamber diameter l A = Length
D , D AO , D AE = Axial nozzle diameter H = Diode chamber height
A
at different points
D D
T, TO = Tangential nozzle diameter
at different points

D
D T
D AE
D AE

D
AO

l A
D A
D AO H

Figure 2.14 Construction details of a vortex diode (Ranade et al., 2008).