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130   Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling, and Reuse


























                  Effluent before treatment       Effluent after treatment
                                                (lon exchange + Cavitation)
          Figure 2.20 Industrial effluent treatment using process integration.

          Table 2.4 Industrial effluent treatment using cavitation
                                      Initial Ammoniacal
                                      Nitrogen            % Reduction After
          Sample   Effluent           Content, ppm        Cavitation

            S1     Dyes and pigment          32.3                99
                     unit
            S2     Dyes industry             23.4                98
            S3     Specialty chemical        57.5                94
                     industry
            S4     Specialty chemical         44                 57
                     industry
            S5     Distillery industry       2050                36.5
            S6     Dyes and pigment          1100                29
                     industry
            S7     Specialty chemical         33                 24
                     industry


          with processes such as coagulation, adsorption, ion exchange, and oxida-
          tion/reaction for best overall results on effluent treatment.


          2.6 COST CONSIDERATIONS
          Coagulation processes have immense potential for removal of both pollutants
          and color, and, to a large extent, can be effectively employed for removal of
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