Page 25 - Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse

8 Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling, and Reuse

Table 1.2 Major Polluting Industries and Nature of Pollutants
Major Polluting
Industries Nature of pollutants
Cement Mills Dust particles, alkali, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides,
(>200 t/day) heavy metals, waste soil, byproduct gypsum, coal ash
Sugar Floor washing waste, sugar cane juice, molasses
Thermal power plants Fly ash, heavy metals, coal, oil, suspended solids
Distilleries Glucose, polysaccharides, ethanol, glycerol, amino
acids, proteins, caramels, high concentration of salts,
organic matter, sulfates
Fertilizers Organics, ammonia, nitrate, phosphorus, fluoride,
cadmium/other heavy metals, and suspended solids
Petroleum/ Oil, acid, soda sludge, hydrogen sulfide, lead sludge,
Petrochemicals hydrocarbons, spent filter clay, ethylene glycol,
1,4-dioxane
Mining industry Heavy metals like copper, lead, zinc, mercury,
cadmium oxide, calcium oxide, sodium oxide,
barium oxide, cuprous oxide, zinc oxide, sulfates,
chlorine, lithium oxide, manganese oxide,
magnesium oxide, silica, gypsum, hydroxides,
carbonates, cyanide, sulfur
Integrated iron and Ammonia, cyanide, benzene, naphthalene, anthracene,
steel phenol, cresol, heavy metals
Pulp and high-quality High concentration of chemicals such as sodium
paper hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide,
bisulfide, elemental chlorine, chlorine dioxide,
calcium oxide, HCl, organic halides, toxic
pollutants, lime mud, wood processing residuals,
traces of heavy metals, pathogens
Tanneries Organics, heavy metals such as Cr, ammoniacal
nitrogen, acids, salts, sulfides, suspended solids, dyes,
fats, oil
Pharmaceuticals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), arsenic
trioxide, chlorambucil, epinephrine,
cyclophosphamide, nicotine, daunomycin,
nitroglycerin, melphalan, physostigmine, mitomycin
C, physostigmine salicylate, streptozotocin, warfarin
over 0.3%, uracil mustard, halogenated/
nonhalogenated solvents, organic chemicals, sludge
and tars, heavy metals, test animal remains
Dye and dye Complex mixture of salts, acids, heavy metals,
intermediates/ organochlorine-based pesticides, pigments, dyes,
textiles PAHs
Pesticides Volatile aromatics, halomethanes, cyanides, haloethers,
heavy metals, chlorinated ethane, phthalates, PAHs