Page 309 - Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse

CHAPTER 7

Urban Wastewater Treatment for

Recycling and Reuse in Industrial

Applications: Indian Scenario

2
2
1
R. Saravanane , Vivek V. Ranade , Vinay M. Bhandari ,
A. Seshagiri Rao 3
1
Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College,
Pondicherry, India
2
Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India
7.1 INTRODUCTION
The availability and quality of water resources is one of the major environ-
mental challenges facing the increasing demands of domestic and industrial
sectors of India. The stress for water resources come from various levels and
can impact the environment in diverse ways. A rapid increase in population
together with urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural development
has increased the impact on the quantity and quality of water resources. The
situation has resulted in many risks to the quality of water in various forms.
The availability of fresh water resources in India has been declining over
the years because of the increase in population growth and improper man-
agement without recycling and reusing wastewater (Bharadwaj, 2005). On
average, the combination of three resources—rainfall, surface water, and
groundwater—have been sufficient to provide adequate water to the Indian
population. However, many modern Indian cities are beginning to experi-
ence water shortages because of the various effects of urbanization, industri-
alization, and agricultural growth. These shortages are expected to manifest
more explicitly and rapidly in the coming years. They can be mitigated only
if the wastewater treatment, reuse, and recycling are adopted in appropriate
sectors.
This chapter assesses the potential applicability of recycling and reuse of
urban wastewater and explores options for industrial applications in the
Indian scenario. The chapter is organized into various subtopics covering
significant details of recycling and reuse, namely, the current water status

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