Page 180 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

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O 3

O 3 OH Aerosol Nitrate
NO NO HNO 2 Aerosol
NO 2
hv
Emission Dry Deposition Wet Deposition

OH NH 3 Sulphate
SO 2 H 2 S0 4 Aerosol
H 2 0 2

Emission Dry Deposition Wet Deposition

FIGURE 4.9 Chemical scheme in WTM. (From European-Commission-DGXII, ExternE —
Externalities of Energy, ECSC-EC-EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg, 1995.)

Environmental Risk Assessment Impact Pathway Analysis

Emission Rates Activity and Emissions
Fate and Exposure Prediction Transport and Conversion

Consequence Assessment Receptor response
with Dose Response Relations and Physical Impact

Change in Utility
Risk Characterization and Welfare Loss

Monetisation
Financial planning
and Cost Accounting

FIGURE 4.10 Steps of an IPA compared to those in a conventional ERA.

4.9 THE ROLE OF RISK ASSESSMENT IN
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
The risk assessment proposes to give the risk management team the best possible
evaluation of all available scientific data, in order to arrive at justifiable and defen-
sible decisions on a wide range of issues. In relation to the types of risk management
actions necessary to an environmental contamination problem or hazardous situation,

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