Page 286 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

L1644_C06.fm Page 257 Monday, October 20, 2003 12:06 PM

6.9 QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES

1. Sum up the challenges and key points of a strategy for a methodology
that integrates life-cycle and risk assessment.
2. Which types of impacts are global and which regional? When is spatial
differentiation important?
3. What are the steps to obtain the eco-technology and damage-assigning
matrices?
4. Explain which decisions must be made in the weighting and aggregations
phase.
5. Give examples of LCIA methods with impact score for
• Midpoint based
• Direct weighting
• Endpoint weighting
6. Describe the fate and exposure and consequence analysis procedure.
7. Which technical elements are used in the different steps of the method-
ology?
8. For which reasons do you think the external cost approach gives less
importance to the incineration process and more to the transports than the
eco-indicator method?
9. Mention possible applications of an integrated life-cycle and risk assess-
ment methodology.
10. The provided data correspond to the emissions of three different pollutants
emitted in three different processes. By means of the correct eco-vector,
express the environmental loads associated with each pollutant and pro-
cess:
1. Pretreatment process: 51.10 kg/kg feed of CO ; 2.7 kg/kg feed of SO 2;
2,
1kg/kg feed of NO x
2. Steam generation: 196 kg/kg feed of CO2; 1.2 kg/kg feed of SO2;
0.099 kg/kg feed of NO x
3. Electricity production: 293 kg/kg feed of CO2; 1.8 kg/kg feed of SO2;
2.3 kg/kg feed of NO x
11. The data in Table 6.12 to Table 6.14 correspond to three different scenarios
of a real process. Discuss which scenario corresponds to the minimum
environmental damage for the pollutants under consideration.
12. Using the following fictive data for the eco-technology matrix and the
damage-assigning matrix, calculate the corresponding damage profile:
SO emission of process 1: 100 g SO /kg product process1
2
2
SO emission of process 2: 10 g SO /kg product process2
2
2
SO emission of process 3: 30 g SO /kg product process3
2
2
Cd emission of process 1: 0.15 g Cd/kg product process1
Cd emission of process 2: 0.10 g Cd/kg product process2
Cd emission of process 3: 0.02 g Cd/kg product process3
Ni emission of process 1: 0.25 g Ni/kg product process1
Ni emission of process 2: 0.15 g Ni/kg product process2
Ni emission of process 3: 0.08 g Ni/kg product process3
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