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Damage due to SO in region 1: 0.01 U.S.$/kg SO 2 region1
2
Damage due to SO in region 2: 0.006 U.S.$/kg SO 2 region2
2
Damage due to SO in region 3: 0.008 U.S.$/kg SO 2 region3
2
Damage due to Cd in region 1: 0.005 U.S.$/kg Cd region1
Damage due to Cd in region 2: 0.004 U.S.$/kg Cd region2
Damage due to Cd in region 3: 0.009 U.S.$/kg Cd region3
Damage due to Ni in region 1: 0.003 U.S.$/kg Ni region1
Damage due to Ni in region 2: 0.002 U.S.$/kg Ni region2
Damage due to Ni in region 3: 0.008 U.S.$/kg Ni region3
13. Knowing the impact scores given in Figure 6.21 for different processes
of a product life-cycle, discuss for this case which cut-off criteria and
which further treatment method (no consideration, site specific, site depen-
dent or technology region dependent) would be most appropriate for each
of the given processes.

Impact Score
60

50
Impact Score 40 Impact Score

30
20

10
0
Extraction Manufacture Transport Waste Treatment
FIGURE 6.21 Impact scores for different processes of a product life-cycle.

REFERENCES

Aelion, V., Castells, F., and Veroutis, A. (1995), Life-cycle inventory analysis of chemical
processes, Environ. Prog., 14(3), 193–200.
AICHE (American Institute of Chemical Engineers) (1985), Guidelines for hazard evaluation
procedures, prepared by Batelle Columbus Division for The Center for Chemical
Process Safety.
Albritton, D. and Derwent, R. (1995), Trace gas radiative forcing indices, in IPCC, Climate
Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Bare, J.C., Hofstetter, P., Pennington, D.W., and Udo de Haes, H.A. (2000), Midpoints versus
endpoints — the sacrifices and benefits, Int. J. LCA, 5, 319–326.
Castells, F., Aelion, V., Abeliotis, K.G., and Petrides, D.P. (1995), An algorithm for life-cycle
inventory, AICHE Symp. Series Pollut. Prev. Process Product Modifications, 90(303),
151–160.
CHAINET (European Network on Chain Analysis for Environmental Decision Support)
(1998), Definition document, CML, Leiden University, The Netherlands.

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