Page 95 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

L1644_C02.fm Page 69 Tuesday, October 21, 2003 3:07 PM

TABLE 2.8
Comparison of the Differences between the LCI Data of 1 TJ Electricity
Produced by the MSWI and the Spanish Mix, Indicating the Relevance of
the Consideration of Electricity Benefit in Such An LCA Study

MSWI
Situation 2
“With Electricity
Pollutant Unit filters” Spain Difference
TJ TJ TJ %

(a) Arsenic (As) kg 3.96 × 10 –2 2.99 × 10 –2 9.75 × 10 –3 –24.6
(a) Cadmium (Cd) kg 3.98 × 10 –2 1.30 × 10 –2 2.68 × 10 –2 –67.4
(a) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 , fossil kg 2.57 × 10 5 1.63 × 10 5 9.43 × 10 4 –36.7
(a) Carbon monoxide (CO) kg 3.01 × 10 2 1.33 × 10 3 –1.03 × 10 3 341.2
(a) Heavy metals (sum) kg 7.17 × 10 –1 3.68 –2.97 413.7
(a) Hydrogen chloride (HCl) kg 1.95 × 10 2 5.06 × 10 1 1.44 × 10 2 –74.1
(a) Nickel (Ni) kg 6.51 × 10 –2 2.54 × 10 -1 –1.89 × 10 –1 290.3
(a) Nitrogen oxides (NO x as NO 2 ) kg 1.33 × 10 3 3.32 × 10 2 9.98 × 10 2 –75.0
(a) Particles (unspecified) kg 1.61 × 10 2 7.72 × 10 2 –6.11 × 10 2 379.8
(a) Sulphur oxides (SO x as SO 2 ) kg 2.56 × 10 2 9.29 × 10 2 –6.73 × 10 2 262.9

marketing initiatives adapting solar PV panels, modern air conditioning
system and an extra investment in aesthetic comfort and design features.
6. Explain the differences between reusing, recycling and disposal of a
product. How would the corresponding life-cycle inventory change?
7. List all possible applications of LCA to the chemical industry.
8. Compare the use of virgin paper and recycled paper. Compare from an
environmental point of view the use of recycled paper and the use of paper
obtained from paper pulp. The recycled paper has been obtained from
paper wastes transported in 16-t trucks from a distance of 1000 km. The
total emissions of carbon dioxide, CO , and the generated solids in kg of
2
them are used as comparison parameters. It is desirable to compare the
derived effects of purchasing a 400-g pack of new writing paper at the
corner stationery shop with the effects derived from driving to buy a
similar pack of recycled paper at an establishment 1 km away. Only the
ELs due to raw materials and transportation are considered. Use the
following environmental loads:

EL/kg of recycled EL/kg of pulp EL/tkm
EL paper paper EL/km (car) (16-t truck)
1.03 1.61 2.16 × 10 –1 3.46 × 10 –1
kg CO 2
kg solids 7.06 × 10 –2 1.73 × 10 –1 7.50 × 10 –6 7.19 × 10 –2
tkm is equivalent to a mass of 1 t (1000 kg) transported 1 km.

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