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xii                                                         Preface


          challenges faced when implementing DOF solutions in inherently complex
          O&G operations.
             Our work on and knowledge of the DOF began in the mid-2000s. In
          2010–13, as part of an extensive team from Halliburton, we worked on a
          multi-vendor project for Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) called the Kuwait
          Intelligent Digital Oil Field (KwIDF). The KwIDF project developed
          state-of-the-industry, real-time data acquisition, and automated production
          workflows to KOC. KOC and key members of the project team docu-
          mented the project and its accomplishments by publishing more than 15
          technical papers through the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE); in
          2013, the KwIDF project won the ADIPEC (Abu Dhabi International
          Petroleum Exhibition and Conference) best-technology award. We
          acknowledge Kuwait Oil Company’s management leadership on KwIDF.
             Since our KwIDF experience, we have continued to contribute to,
          enhance, and develop DOF solutions in our respective positions for com-
          panies and projects around the world, including several Middle East fields
          and in North America in the Permian, Unita, San Joaquin, mid-Continent,
          and Eagle Ford areas. These projects contributed real value to their respec-
          tive operators.
             Intelligent Digital Oil and Gas Fields: Concepts, Collaboration, and Right-time
          Decisions draws on our collective and diverse experience to deliver to readers
          a roadmap through key areas and related issues and challenges of DOF
          implementations. Chapter 1 sets the stage by providing historical context
          for details discussed in later chapters, and ending with a summary of some
          milestone DOF projects and their respective achievements in asset value
          and financial indicators, serving as incentive to overcome the technical com-
          plexities of DOF systems and reach the value.
             The book introduces the new age of digital O&G technology and pro-
          cess components, discussing new sensors (SCADA), well mechanics (such as
          downhole valves), data analytics and models for dealing with a barrage of
          data, and changes in the way professionals collaborate and make decisions.
          The book covers topics such as downhole sensors, artificial lift, production
          surveillance, production optimization, automation, smart wells, integrated
          reservoir management, and collaboration and change management
          processes.
             The book takes readers on a journey starting at the well level, that is,
          through instrumentation and measurement for real-time data acquisition,
          and then provides practical information on analytics on the real-time data.
          Artificial intelligence techniques provide insights from the data. We discuss
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