Page 8 - Introduction to Information Optics

Contents VI i

3.3.2. Optical Receivers for Fiber-Optic Communications 188
3.3.3. Other Components Used in Fiber-Optic Communications 192
3.4. Fiber-Optic Networks 192
3.4.1. Types of Fiber-Optic Networks Classified by Physical Size 193
3.4.2. Physical Topologies and Routing Topologies Relevant to Fiber-Optic
Networks 193
3.4.3. Wavelength Division Multiplexed Optics Networks 193
3.4.4. Testing Fiber-Optic Networks 195
References 198
Exercises 198

Chapter 4. Switching with Optics 20!
4.1. Figures of Merits for an Optical Switch 202
4.2. All-Optical Switches 203
4.2.1. Optical Nonlinearity 205
4.2.2. Etalon Switching Devices 205
4.2.3. Nonlinear Directional Coupler 208
4.2.4. Nonlinear Interferometric Switches 211
4.3. Fast Electro-optic Switches: Modulators 219
4.3.1. Direct Modulation of Semiconductor Lasers 220
4.3.2. External Electro-optic Modulators 225
4.3.3. MEMS Switches Without Moving Parts 236
4.4. Optical Switching Based on MEMS 236
4.4.1. MEMS Fabrications 237
4.4.2. Electrostatic Actuators 238
4.4.3. MEMS Optical Switches 242
4.5. Summary 247
References 248
Exercises 250

Chapter 5. Transformation with Optics 255
5.1. Huygens- Fresnel Diffraction 256
5.2. Fresnel Transform 257
5.2.1. Definition 257
5.2.2. Optical Fresnel Transform 257
5.3. Fourier Transform 259
5.4. Wavelet Transform 260
5.4.1 Wavelets 260
5.4.2. Time-frequency Joint Representation 261
5.4.3. Properties of Wavelets 262
5.5. Physical Wavelet Transform 264
5.5.1. Electromagnetic Wavelet 264
5.5.2. Electromagnetic Wavelet Transform 266
5.5.3. Electromagnetic Wavelet Transform and Huygens Diffraction 260
5.6. Wigner Distribution Function 270
5.6.1. Definition 270
5.6.2. Inverse Transform 271