Page 9 - Introduction to Information Optics

Vlll Contents

5.6.3. Geometrical Optics Interpretation 271
5.6.4. Wigner Distribution Optics 272
5.7. Fractional Fourier Transform 275
5.7.1. Definition 275
5.7.2. Fractional Fourier Transform and Fresnel Diffraction 277
5.8. Hankel Transform 279
5.8.1. Fourier Transform in Polar Coordinate System 279
5.8.2. Hankel Transform 281
5.9. Radon Transform 282
5.9.1. Definition 282
5.9.2. Image Reconstruction 283
5.10. Geometric Transform 284
5.10.1. Basic Geometric Transformations 288
5.10.2. Generalized Geometric Transformation 288
5.10.3. Optical Implementation 289
5.11. Hough Transform 292
5.11.1. Definition 292
5.11.2. Optical Hough Transform 293
References 294
Exercises 295

Chapter 6 Interconnection with Optics 299
6.1. Introduction 299
6.2. Polymer Waveguides 303
6.2.1. Polymeric Materials for Waveguide Fabrication 303
6.2.2. Fabrication of Low-Loss Polymeric Waveguides 305
6.3.2. Waveguide Loss Measurement 310
6.3. Thin-Film Waveguide Couplers 312
6.3.1. Surface-Normal Grating Coupler Design and Fabrication 312
6.3.2. 45° Surface-Normal Micromirror Couplers 326
6.4. Integration of Thin-Film Photodetectors 331
6.5. Integration of Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) 334
6.6. Optical Clock Signal Distribution 339
6.7. Polymer Waveguide-Based Optical Bus Structure 343
6.7.1. Optical Equivalent for Electronic Bus Logic Design 345
6.8. Summary 348
References 349
Exercises 351

Chapter 7 Pattern Recognition with Optics 355
7.1. Basic Architectures 356
7.1.1. Correlators 356
7.1.2. Neural Networks 357
7.1.3. Hybrid Optical Architectures 357
7.1.4. Robustness of JTC 362
7.2. Recognition by Correlation Detections 364
7,2.1. Nonconventional Joint-Transform Detection 364