Page 16 - Introduction to Microcontrollers Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing of The Motorola 68HC12

List of Figures xv

Figure 3.1 Op Code Byte Coding 60
Figure 3.2 Post Byte Coding 62
Figure 3.3 Program segment to Add Two Bytes Using Vector Indexing 63
Figure 3.4 Offset Calculation 63
Figure 3.5 Autoincrement Address Calculation 64
Figure 3.6 Program segment to Add Two Bytes Using Autoincrementing 65
Figure 3.7 Accumulator Index Address Calculation 66
Figure 3.8 Simplified Control Hardware for Relative Addressing 68
Figure 3.9 Program Segment Using BRA, Illustrating Position Independence 69
Figure 3.10 Program Segment to Put a Square Wave on an Output Port 69
Figure 3.11 A Stack Buffer for Two Stacks 72
Figure 3.12 Subroutine to Compute n! Recursively 73
Figure 3.13 Subroutine to Compute n! in a Loop 73
Figure 3.14 Nonreentrant Subroutine to Delay 74
Figure 3.15 Reentrant Subroutine to Ckear Memory 74
Figure 3.16 A Stack Buffer for Nested Segments 75
Figure 3.17 Program Segment to Clear a Block of Memory 76
Figure 3.18 Program Segment to Move a Block of Memory 77
Figure 3.19 Program Segment to Add Vector Elements 77
Figure 3.20 Program Segment to Compute an Inner Product 78
Figure 3.21 A Table 85

Figure 4.1 Program MAX 89
Figure 4.2 Assembler Source Code for the Program MAX 90
Figure 4.3 Assembler Listing for the Program MAX 92
Figure 4.4 Assembler Listing for the Program Square 96
Figure 4.5 Program to Select Negative Odd Numbers 97
Figure 4.6 Program with Illegal Forward Reference 98
Figure 4.7 Program without Forward Reference 99
Figure 4.8 Print Program 100
Figure 4.9 Character Move Program Segment and Data 101
Figure 4.10 Character String Compare Program Segment and Data 101
Figure 4.11 Character Search in a String 102
Figure 4.12 Directory Program Segments 102
Figure 4.13 Machine and Source Code 103
Figure 4.14 Simple Computer and Assembler SA1 Specifications 103
Figure 4.15 Assembler Main Program 104
Figure 4.16 Assembler Directives 104
Figure 4.17 Assembler Pass 1 104
Figure 4.18 Assembler Pass 2 105
Figure 4.19 Subroutine to Get the Opcode 106
Figure 4.20 Subroutine to Insert a Label as an Operand 106
Figure 4.21 Convert ASCII Hex String to a Binary Number 107
Figure 4,22 Program with Relative Address Reference 110
Figure 4.23 Program with Direct or Page Zero Reference 110
Figure 4.24 Program with Errors 112
Figure 4.25 Another Program with Errors 113