Page 40 - Introduction to Mineral Exploration

2: MINERALOGY OF ECONOMIC DEPOSITS 23

Catalysts, glass, ceramics, television tubes, permanent magnets, etc. Innumerable! Over half of all production used in the chemical industry, deicing agent, food preservative Bricks, pipes, cement, lightweight aggregate Building, civil engineering, glass manufacture Refractories account for 90% of production Photography, electrical and electronic industries, sterling ware, jewellery, etc. Production of soda ash, Na 2 CO 3 , for glass manuf

Many more REE in these minerals than shown in formulae 60–80% of all “clay” mined falls into this category Sand and gravel working taken worldwide represents one of the most important mining industries Byproduct of many base metal mines particularly Pb-Zn tetrahedrite and many other minerals Bulk of soda ash is (trona) produced synthetically in Solvay plants Celestite is the only economically important Sr mineral. Used in industry as SrCO

X X X X

X X X X X X X X 87 X X X X X X X

100 Ag 2 S 75 100 78 27

(Ce,La)(CO 3 )F (Ce,La) 2 Ca(CO 3 ) 3 F 2 (Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO 4 NaCl Clay and mica minerals, quartz SiO 2 Al 2 SiO 5 Al 2 SiO 5 Al 2 SiO 5 Ag (Cu,Fe,Ag) 12 Sb 4 S 13 AgCl Na 2 CO 3 .NaHCO 3 .2H 2 O SrSO 4 S FeS 2 Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 SnO 2 Cu 2 FeSnS 4

bastnäsite parisite monazite halite tiles, sewer common clay Silica sand Sillimanite andalusite kyanite sillimanite nat. silver acanthite argentiferous tetrahedrite cerargyrite and many other minerals Sodium carbonate Strontium celestite nat. sulphur pyrite Tin, cassiterite stannite

REE Salt Shale and minerals Silver trona minerals Sulphur Talc talc