Page 44 - Introduction to Transfer Phenomena in PEM Fuel Cells

– portable: phone, laptop, camera, camping or military equipment;
– space: boat and submarine.
1.2.2.1. Stationary sector Introduction to Hydrogen Technology 33
Large fuel cells, for stationary use, provide sufficient power to power a
building or offices.
These fuel cells can also produce additional electrical energy that can be
injected into the grid and sold by the producer.

Stationary fuel cells are especially advantageous for isolated houses
where the electricity grid is not available. In addition, fuel cells can be
associated with a wind turbine or photovoltaic system to provide an efficient
hybrid solution for the supply of electrical energy.

1.2.2.2. Transport market
Transport will benefit from fuel cells because fossil fuels will soon
become scarce, which will inevitably lead to higher prices.

Legislation around the world is also becoming increasingly demanding in
terms of carbon emissions and pollutants. Some countries enact laws
requiring the reduction of emissions and imposing a certain proportion of
“zero emission” clean vehicles.

Fuel cell-powered vehicles offer higher efficiencies than conventional
vehicles powered by other fuels.

1.2.2.3. Portable sector

One of the main markets for fuel cells in the future will be the portable
equipment sector. The military field also requires powerful and long-lasting
power supplies for the troops. There are many portable devices on the
market that will use fuel cells to gain autonomy. These devices include
laptops, mobile phones, portable DVD players, video cameras, game
stations, iPods, etc. A fuel cell will run a device as long as it is fueled. The
trend in electronic devices, the convergence of functions and their limitations
lie in the energy demand. This is why an energy source such as a fuel cell,
which is able to provide more energy and for longer, allows the development
of devices with multiple functions.