Page 283 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition
P. 283
274 D. Rathore et al.
al. et and Azapagic al. et 2010 al. al. et al. et Stephenson et al. and 2011 Dale al. et
Reference Spatari (2005) Stichnothe (2009) Sheehan (2004) et Luo Lardon 2009 Djomo 2008 2010 Sander Murthy 2010 Emmenegger al. et and Kim 2005 Arvidsson 2011
Country Canada UK USA USA France USA UK USA Argentina USA USA
lower emissions GHG % saving g 267 of % the in footprint environmental in gas lower % % emission environmental GHGs in in and eutrophication GWP the
Environment Potential % 70 to Up GHG 92.5 to Up emission Reduction CO 2 /km 87 and 67 reductions carbon Significantly decrease impacts Reduction greenhouse emissions 80 About GWP Up to 45 in Shift Petrol problem Reduction Increase acidification half About diesel
Reference system Low-sulfur reformulated gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline First-generation and biodiesel diesel oil peels steam Potato for directly fodder animal diesel Fossil diesel Fossil Conventional Gasoline Conventional
System boundary Defined Defined Defined Defined Defined Defined Defined Defined Defined Defined Defined
unit MJ of fuel equivalent MJ 1 of kilogram hydrogen kilometer land arable out energy
Functional km Per km ha/1 1 CO 2 e/MJ g Combustion biodiesel per CO 2 g of produced gCO 2 e/MJ MJ 1,000 person 1 of ha 1 kWh 1
grave grave grave grave grave pump grave grave grave
to to to to to to to to to to to
System adopted Cradle wheel Cradle Cradle Cradle Cradle Cradle Cradle grave Well Cradle Cradle Cradle
and Biodiesel vegetable (biodiesel)
Product Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol Biodiesel Hydrogen Biodiesel Biodiesel Biodiesel Bioethanol Hydrotreated oil
(continued) waste Algae peels palm,
1 stover corn and biodegradable municipal stover steam soybean oil jatropha
Table Feedstock Switchgrass and Household Corn Blue-green Microalgae Potato Microalgae Microalgae Rapeseed Corn, Rapeseed,