Page 252 - Manufacturing Engineering and Technology - Kalpakjian, Serope : Schmid, Steven R.

Bibliography 23|

aluminum. It is used on the upper fuselage of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic. In addition to
the Airbus A380 and the leading edges of the weight savings, the fuselage barrel is constructed
tail plane, and has been credited with over in one piece and joined end to end, eliminating
500 kg of Weight savings as compared to previ- the need for an estimated 50,000 fasteners.
ously used materials. In addition to weight Composites make up around 50% of the Weight
savings, GLARE provides improved fatigue of the Dreamliner, as compared to 12% on the
strength and corrosion resistance. 777 aircraft, first introduced in 1994.
° The Boeing 787 Drearnliner has an all-
composite fuselage constructed mainly from

SUMMARY

° Composites are an important class of engineered materials with numerous attrac-
tive properties. Three major categories are fiber-reinforced plastics, metal-matrix
composites, and ceramic-matrix composites. They have a Wide range of applica-
tions in the aircraft, aerospace, and transportation industries; sporting goods;
and structural components.
In fiber-reinforced plastics, the fibers usually are glass, graphite, aramids, or
boron. Polyester and epoxies commonly are used as the matrix material. These
composites have particularly high toughness and high strength-to-Weight and
stiffness-to-Weight ratios.
In metal-matrix composites, the fibers typically are graphite, boron, aluminum
oxide, silicon carbide, molybdenum, or tungsten. Matrix materials generally con-
sist of aluminum, aluminum-lithium alloy, magnesium, copper, titanium, and
superalloys.
For ceramic-matrix composites, the fibers are usually carbon and aluminum
oxide, and the matrix materials are silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum
oxide, carbon, or mullite (a compound of aluminum, silicon, and oxygen).
In addition to the type and quality of the materials used, important factors in the
structure of composite materials are the size and length of the fibers, their vol-
ume percentage compared vvith that of the matrix, the strength of the bond at
the fiber-matrix interface, and the orientation of the fibers in the matrix.

KEY TERMS

Advanced composites Engineered materials Matrix Pyrolysis
Ceramic matrix Fiber pullout Metal matrix Reinforced plastics
Composite materials Fibers Polymer matrix Silane
Delamination Hybrid Precursor Whiskers

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Agarwal, B.D., Broutman, L.]., and Chandrashekhara, K., Bansal, N.P. (ed.), Handbook of Ceramic Composites
Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites, Springer, 2004.
3rd ed., Wiley, 2006. Barbero, EJ., Introduction to Composite Materials Design
ASM Handbook, Vol. 21: Composites, ASM International, CRC Press, 1998.
2001.