Page 7 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

vi Contents

Chapter 3. METALS ...................................................... 157
3.1 MINING AND PROCESSING OF METALS..................... 157
3.1.1 Powder Metallurgy......................................... 171
3.2 METALLIC STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES ............... 177
3.2.1 Phase Behavior of Iron–Carbon Alloys.................... 178
3.2.2 Hardening Mechanisms of Steels.......................... 185
3.2.3 Stainless Steels............................................. 200
3.2.4 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys............................. 204
3.3 METAL SURFACE TREATMENTS FOR
CORROSION RESISTANCE ..................................... 217
3.4 MAGNETISM ..................................................... 220
3.5 REVERSIBLE HYDROGEN STORAGE......................... 226

Chapter 4. SEMICONDUCTORS........................................ 239
4.1 PROPERTIES AND TYPES OF SEMICONDUCTORS ......... 239
4.2 SILICON-BASED APPLICATIONS.............................. 251
4.2.1 Silicon Wafer Production .................................. 251
4.2.2 Integrated Circuits ......................................... 255
4.3 LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES: THERE IS LIFE
OUTSIDE OF SILICON!.......................................... 321
4.4 THERMOELECTRIC (TE) MATERIALS........................ 330

Chapter 5. POLYMERIC MATERIALS ................................ 349
5.1 POLYMER CLASSIFICATIONS
AND NOMENCLATURE ......................................... 351
5.2 POLYMERIZATION MECHANISMS............................ 356
5.2.1 Addition Polymerization ................................... 359
5.2.2 Heterogeneous Catalysis ................................... 364
5.2.3 Homogeneous Catalysis.................................... 366
5.2.4 Step-Growth Polymerization............................... 372
5.2.5 Dendritic Polymers......................................... 376
5.2.6 Polymerization via “Click” Chemistry .................... 386
5.3 “SOFT MATERIALS” APPLICATIONS:
STRUCTURE VS. PROPERTIES................................. 388
5.3.1 Biomaterials Applications ................................. 393
5.3.2 Conductive Polymers ...................................... 417
5.3.3 Molecular Magnets......................................... 426
5.4 POLYMER ADDITIVES.......................................... 437
5.4.1 Flame Retardants........................................... 440

Chapter 6. NANOMATERIALS.......................................... 457
6.1 NANOTOXICITY ................................................. 458
6.2 WHAT IS “NANOTECHNOLOGY”? ............................ 468
6.3 NANOSCALE BUILDING BLOCKS
AND APPLICATIONS ............................................ 470