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218 Chapter Three

Figure 3.3 Triangular wave.

Figure 3.4 Half-rectified sine
wave.

1
f(x) ⁄2 (cos 2x)/3 (cos 4x)/(3 5)
(cos 6x)/(5 7) (cos 8x)/(7 9) ...

Scalar Differentiation

Let f be a real-number function, let x be an element of the
0
domain of f, and let y be an element of the range of f such that
0
y f(x ). Suppose that f is continuouð in the vicinity of ( x ,y )
0
0
0
0