Page 439 - Mechanical Engineers' Handbook (Volume 4)

428 Refrigeration

Figure 5 Liquid recirculator.

during standby must be considered. Beyond these considerations, the open-cycle design and
its operation are governed primarily by the process requirements. The open system can use
standard refrigeration hardware.

3.3 Losses in Refrigeration Cycles
The ideal cycles portrayed in Figs. 1–3 do not include frictional, heat transfer, or pressure
losses found in real cycles. These reduce the overall performance of the cycle, both in terms
of capacity and efficiency. For example, friction in the compressor produces higher discharge
temperatures in the refrigerant than the ideal cycle. These higher temperatures require a