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238                Mechanics and analysis of composite materials










              Finally, for an isotropic layer, we have









                                                                                (5.40)



              where E =E/( I  - v’).



              5.3.  Stiffness coefficients of a laminate
                Consider a  general case, Le.,  a laminate consisting of  an arbitrary  number of
              layers with different thicknesses hi and stiffnessesA!),  (i = 1,2,3,. ..,k).Location of
              an  arbitrary  ith  layer  of  the  laminate is  specified by  coordinate ti, which  is  the
              distance from the bottom plane of the laminate to the top plane of the ith layer (see
              Fig. 5.10).  Assuming that  material stiffness coefficients do not change within the
              thickness of the layer and using piece-wise integration we can write parameter I,,,,, in
              Eqs. (5.29) and (5.32) as











                                                                    LX
                         *k


                        YY
                                        to =o


                                     Fig. 5.10. Structure of the laminate.
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