Page 10 - Methods For Monitoring And Diagnosing The Efficiency Of Catalytic Converters A Patent - oriented Survey

ix

Contents

Summary V
Preface vii
Symbols and Abbreviations xiii
Note on Cited Patent Documents XV

Introduction 1

k3wlutioti of legislatioti 2
Materials used iii c~icr/c~lyl~c converters 8
Tjpes of catalytic cwiverters 12
'ontrol ~f catalytic comarters diirrtig a cold erigirie start-up 18
Electric heaters 18
Afterburners 19
Fuel burners 19
Close-coupled converters 21
Secondary converters 21
Hydrocarbon adsorbents 22
Secondary air 22
Other systems to facilitate light-off temperature
of catalytic converters 23
Oxygeii ,storage 24
Monitoring and diapimirig the efjcieiicy of catalytic converters 25

Part One: Catalytic Converter Functionality Diagnosis by Means of
Oxygen or AirlFuel Ratio Sensors 31

A-probe arid UEGO sensor operation priiiciples 35
Control of engine air!ftcel ratio 39

1.1 Robert Bosch GmbH 43
1.2 Daimler-Benz AG 59
1.3 Ford Motor Co. - Ford France SA - Ford Werke AG - Ford Motor CO.
Canada - Ford Motor Co. Ltd. 63
I.Jigines wilh mrrltiple cylinder groiips 80
1.4 Toyota Motor Co. Ltd. 83
Engines wiih mtrliiple cylinder groups 113
I .5 Nippon Denso Co. 117
Engines with mirltiple cylitider grotlps 129