Page 122 - A Practical Guide from Design Planning to Manufacturing

Chapter
4

Computer Architecture

Overview
This chapter discusses the trade-offs in defining an instruction set archi-
tecture, including operations, operands types, and instruction encoding.

Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, the reader will be able to:

1. Understand the design choices that define computer architecture.
2. Describe the different types of operations typically supported.
3. Describe common operand types and addressing modes.
4. Understand different methods for encoding data and instructions.
5. Explain control flow instructions and their types.
6. Be aware of the operation of virtual memory and its advantages.
7. Understand the difference between CISC, RISC, and VLIW architectures.
8. Understand the need for architectural extensions.

Introduction

In 1964, IBM produced a series of computers beginning with the IBM
360. These computers were noteworthy because they all supported the
same instructions encoded in the same way; they shared a common
computer architecture. The IBM 360 and its successors were a critical
development because they allowed new computers to take advantage of
the already existing software base written for older computers. With the

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