Page 9 - MODERN ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY
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ContentsA
viii
IX. Voltaic Cells and Absolute Electrode Potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
X. Volta Potentials of Ex Situ and Non-Sit Electrodes . . . . . . . . . 31
XI. Voltaic Cells with Interfaces of Immiscible Electrolyte
Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
XII. Adsorption Potentials of Dipolar Compounds ............. 36
XIII. Adsorption Potentials of Surface-Active Electrolytes ....... 41
XIV. Adsorption Potentials of Inorganic Ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
XV. Surface Potentials of Water and Organic Solvents . . . . . . . . . . 43
XVI. Final RemaÀÈ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Chapter 3
DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS: FROM A TWENTIETH
CENTURY ELECTROCHEMIST’S DREAM TO A TWENTY-FIRST
CENTURY EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
Claude Lamy, Jean-Michel Ø éger, and
Supramaniam Srinivasan
I. A Synopsis of Fuel Cell Technologies-Background . . . . . . . 53
1. Energy Conservation and Environmental Friendliness-
The Incentive for Fuel Cell Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2. Types of Fuel Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3. Natural Gas -Its Important Role as a Primary Fuel for
All Types of Fuel Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4. Status of Fuel Cell Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5. Electrochemical vs. Other Methods of Energy
Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
II. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
1. Historical Development of DMFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2. Principles of DMFCs ............................. . . . . . . 67
3. Challenges in Developing DMFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
III. Electrode Kinetics and Electrocatalysis of Methanol
Oxidation -Electrochemical and Spectroscopic
Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
