Page 10 - MODERN ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Contents
2. Identification of the Reaction Products and the ix
Adsorbed Intermediates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=75
3. How to Increase the Kinetics of the Electrooxidation
of Methanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=82
4. Structure and Composition of the Electrode in Relation
to its Electroactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5. Concluding RemaÀs on Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=. 92
IV. Oxygen Electroreduction and Proton Exchange Membrane . . . . . . . 93
1. The Oxygen Electroreduction Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2. Concepts for New Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts ..... ... 96
3. Development of New Proton Exchange Membranes . . . . . . . . . . 99
V. Progress in Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
1. Single-cell Investigations to Attain High
Performance Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
2. Cell Stack Development and Demonstration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
VI . Prognosis—DMFCs for the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Chapter 4

TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF MOLTEN SALTS
Isao 8ada

I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
II. Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
III. Electrical Conductance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
1. Electrolytic Conductivity .=. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
2. Methods of Measuring Transport Numbers in Mixtures . . . . . . . .=125
3. Pattern of the Isotherms in Binary Monovalent
Cation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
4. The Chemla Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5. Empirical Equation for Internal Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
6. Electrically Conducting Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .= . 146
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7. Molecular Dynamics Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
IV. Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=. 154
1. Macroscopic Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=. 154
2 . Measurement Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .=157