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210 CHAPTER 2
Fig. A2.3.1
Each of these potentials is given by the usual Coulombic expression for the potential
where the minus sign appears before the third and fourth terms because and are
negative charges. Further, the magnitudes of all the charges are equal
and, because of symmetrical disposition of the water molecule,
Hence, from Eqs. (A2.3.3), (A2.3.4), and (A2.3.5),
It is obvious (see Fig. A2.3.1) that
and
