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LEARNING TO WALK 49

technology.guardian.co.uk/online/insideit/story/0,13270,1423657,
00.html. Accessed September 4, 2005.
Describes BigDog, LittleDog, and other robots being developed for
military applications.
Pratt, Gill A. “Legged Robots at MIT—What’s New Since Raibert.”
Reproduced from Proceedings of the 1999 International
Conference of Climbing and Walking Robots 199. Available
online. URL: http://www.uwe.ac.uk/clawar/newsletters/issue4/mit.
html. Accessed on September 1, 2005.
Describes further development of walking robots at MIT after
Raibert’s departure, including use of new forms of actuators and con-
trol mechanisms.
Raibert, Marc. “Legged Robots.” Communications of the ACM 29
(June 1986): 499–514.
Describes the utility of walking robots and the principles behind their
operation.
———, and Jessica K. Hodgins. “Animation of Dynamic Legged
Locomotion.” ACM Computer Graphics 25 (July 1991): 349–358.
Describes the innovative application of research into animal and robot
locomotion to the creation of animations.
Weiss, Peter. “Hop . . . Hop . . . Hopbots!: Designers of Small, Mobile
Robots Take Cues from Grasshoppers and Frogs.” Science News,
February 10, 2001, n.p. Available online. URL: http://www.find
articles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_6_159/ai_72058401. Accessed
on September 3, 2005.
Describes highly mobile robots inspired by watching grasshoppers’
agile evasion tactics. NASA is adapting the technology to designing
new Mars rovers.

Web Sites
Boston Dynamics. URL: http://www.bostondynamics.com. Accessed
on September 6, 2005.
Presents digital motion simulation and modeling products, including
“Di-Guy” package.
MIT Leg Laboratory. URL: http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/leglab.
Accessed on September 1, 2005.
Describes the people and projects underway at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology’s “Leg Laboratory.”