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ROBOT EXPLORERS   67


              I had a difficult time making friends
              with the girls anyway because I
              wasn’t interested in dolls, dress
              up games, or pretending to be a
              princess. . . . I much preferred to
              play cowboy or detective, but few
              of the boys were willing to play
              those kinds of games with a girl.


              Shirley loved to read books about
            airplanes and flying adventures,
            imagining that she was a bush pilot
            transporting “flying doctors” in the
            Australian outback. When she was
            10, she saw a reference in a gradu-  Donna Shirley managed many
            ation ceremony to “aeronautical     aspects of the program that brought
            engineering.” When she asked what   Sojourner, humankind’s first
                                                mobile robot space explorer, to the
            that meant and was told “building
                                                surface of Mars in 1997.  (Photo
            airplanes,” she knew that was what   courtesy of Donna Shirley)
            she wanted to do.
              Shirley also became fascinated
            by space exploration, particularly
            as portrayed by science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke’s novel The
            Sands of Mars. Shirley’s interest in aerodynamics was visceral as
            well as intellectual. She was eager to learn to fly, and by age 16, she
            was ready to go “solo,” having learned the feel of flying an Aeronca
            Champ, a fabric-winged trainer with a tiny 65-horsepower engine.



            Getting Respect

            After high school, Shirley attended the University of Oklahoma.
            Telling her adviser that she wanted to enroll in the engineering pro-
            gram, Shirley recalled in her autobiography the curt response that
            “Girls can’t be engineers.” When she was enrolled in engineering
            courses for which she had not been prepared, Shirley had to struggle
            to earn a passing grade in her first year. Seeking an alternative that
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