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Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications                      287



























































                           Figure 11.17 (a) Schematic diagram of an at-line SPE–CE configuration. (b and c)
                           Electropherograms of a urine sample (8 ml) spiked with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
                           drugs (10  g/ml each) after direct CE analysis (b) and at-line SPE–CE (c). Peak identification
                           is as follows: I, ibuprofen; N, naproxen; K, ketoprofen; F, flurbiprofen. Reprinted from
                           Journal of Chromatography, B 719, J. R. Veraart et al., ‘At-line solid-phase extraction for cap-
                           illary electrophoresis: application to negatively charged solutes,’ pp. 199–208, copyright
                           1998, with permission from Elsevier Science.
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