Page 15 - Book Hosokawa Nanoparticle Technology Handbook

xiv
5.2.3 Neutron diffraction 274
5.2.4 Raman scattering 277
5.3 Surface structure 279
5.3.1 AFM 279
5.3.2 STM 284
5.3.3 FT-IR 287
5.3.4 XPS 290
5.3.5 Wettability 294
5.4 Nanopore characterization 297
5.4.1 Type of nitrogen isotherms
and pore characteristics implied 298
5.4.2 Micropore filling phenomenon and
PSD analysis 298
Chapter 6 Evaluation methods for properties of nanostructured body
6.1 Functionality of nanostructures and their
characteristic evaluation 319
6.1.1 What are nanostructures? 319
6.1.2 Examples showing how the
functions of nanostructures are
performed 320
6.1.3 Functionality and characteristic
evaluation 322
6.2 Mechanical properties 324
6.2.1 Strength, fracture toughness and
fatigue behavior 324
6.2.2 Elastic constants: hardness 326
6.2.3 Creep/superplasticity 329
6.2.4 Tribological properties 332
6.2.5 Nanoindentation 335
6.3 Thermophysical properties 336
6.3.1 Thermophysical properties
related to transfer and storage
of heat 336
6.3.2 Front-face heating/front-face
detection picosecond
thermoreflectance method 338
6.3.3 Picosecond thermoreflectance
method by rear face heating/
front-face detection 339
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.4.3 Capillary condensation phenomenon and
PSD analysis 299
5.4.4 Other methods of interest 302
5.5 Grain boundaries and interfaces 303
5.5.1 The role of TEM 303
5.5.2 Analytical TEM (AEM) 306
5.5.3 Three-dimensional electron tomography
(3D-ET) 310
5.6 Evaluation methods for oxide
heterostructures 312
6.3.4 Nanosecond thermoreflectance
method 341
6.3.5 Thin film thermophysical
property reference material and
traceability 341
6.3.6 Summary 342
6.4 Electric properties 344
6.4.1 Dielectric properties 344
6.4.2 Electrical conduction properties 349
6.4.3 Thermoelectric properties 354
6.5 Electrochemical properties 358
6.5.1 Electrode reaction 358
6.5.2 Characteristics of sensors 362
6.5.3 Electrochemical reactivity 366
6.6 Magnetic properties 370
6.6.1 Super paramagnetism 370
6.6.2 Material-specific discussion 370
6.7 Optical properties 372
6.7.1 Transparency of nanoparticle 372
6.7.2 Photonic crystal 375
6.8 Catalytic property 377
6.9 Properties of gas permeation and
separation membranes 380