Page 8 - New Trends in Eco efficient and Recycled Concrete

Contents vii

3.8 Final remarks 79
References 80
Further reading 85
4 Waste rubber aggregates 87
Valeria Corinaldesi and Jacopo Donnini
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Waste rubber aggregate characterisation 88
4.2.1 Chemical properties 88
4.2.2 Physical properties 89
4.2.3 Geometrical properties 89
4.3 Properties of rubberised mixes in the fresh state 89
4.3.1 Workability, setting time, segregation and bleeding 89
4.3.2 Density 92
4.4 Properties of rubberised mixes at the hardened state 93
4.4.1 Hardened density 93
4.4.2 Mechanical strength 94
4.4.3 Toughness, ductility and strain capacity 102
4.4.4 Impact energy and abrasion resistance 104
4.5 Durability of concrete with crumb rubber 106
4.5.1 Water absorption porosity 106
4.5.2 Carbonation and chloride ion penetration 107
4.5.3 Drying shrinkage and cracking resistance 108
4.5.4 Freeze/thaw and ageing resistance 109
4.5.5 Resistance to aggressive environment 110
4.5.6 Fire and high-temperature resistance 110
4.6 Functional properties of concrete with rubber particles 111
4.6.1 Thermal insulation 111
4.6.2 Sound absorption 112
4.6.3 Electrical resistance 112
4.7 Fields of application 112
4.8 Conclusions 113
References 114
Further reading 119
5 Sewage sludge ash 121
Jordi Paya ´, Jose ´ Monzo ´, Marı ´ a Victoria Borrachero and Lourdes Soriano
5.1 Introduction 121
5.2 Production of sewage sludge ashes 124
5.3 Characteristics of sewage sludge ash 124
5.4 Reactivity of sewage sludge ashes in Portland cement mixtures 135
5.5 Effect of sewage sludge ash on the rheology of concrete 137
5.6 Mechanical and durability properties of concrete containing
sewage sludge ash 138
5.7 Alternative binders containing sewage sludge ashes 145