Page 12 - New Trends in Eco efficient and Recycled Concrete

Contents xi

11.7 Application to slabs and validation of the method: case studies 309
11.7.1 Missing data 311
11.7.2 Case studies 312
11.7.3 Exclusions and limitations 313
11.8 Application in LCA studies 316
11.8.1 State-of the art on the comparison between RCA
and NCA 316
11.8.2 Comparison between RCA and NCA based on
compressive strength as functional unit 318
11.9 Concluding remarks 322
References 323
Further reading 327

12 Leaching issues in recycled aggregate concrete 329
Manuel Cabrera, Adela Pe ´rez Galvı ´ n and Francisco Agrela
12.1 Environmental risks of recycled aggregate concrete 329
12.1.1 Legal regulations for environmental assessment
of recycled aggregate concrete 329
12.1.2 Assessment of potential environmental risk. Main
factors to consider 331
12.1.3 Concepts and mechanisms which control release 333
12.2 Leaching characteristics of unbound recycled materials 334
12.2.1 Leaching behaviour of powdered recycled materials 336
12.2.2 Leaching behaviour of fine recycled materials 337
12.2.3 Leaching behaviour of coarse recycled materials 338
12.2.4 Applications based on environmental behaviour 339
12.3 Leaching assessment of recycled concrete 340
12.3.1 Concrete degradation by water effects 341
12.3.2 Leaching of concrete and cement-based materials 342
12.3.3 Evaluation of leaching behaviour on different recycled
concrete types 343
12.3.4 Standards and methods of leaching tests of concrete
and cement-based materials 344
12.3.5 Leaching limits in the assessment of Recycled
Concrete: testing the tank 347
12.3.6 Previous leaching studies in recycled aggregate
concrete 348
12.4 pH-dependent leaching of constituents in concrete 349
12.5 Conclusion 350
References 351
Further reading 355