Page 10 - Op Amps Design, Applications, and Troubleshooting

Contents ix

7.6 Integrator 323
7.7 Differentiator 330
7.8 Troubleshooting Tips for Signal Processing Circuits 336

8 DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG AND ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERSION 337
8.1 D/A and A/D Conversion Fundamentals 338
8.2 Weighted D/A Converter 344
8.3 R2R Ladder D/A Converter 347
8.4 Parallel A/D Converter 349
8.5 Tracking A/D Converter 351
8.6 Dual-Slope A/D Converter 353
8.7 Successive Approximation A/D Converter 357

9 ARITHMETIC FUNCTION CIRCUITS 360

9.1 Adder 360
9.2 Subtracter 366
9.3 Averaging Amplifier 370
9.4 Absolute Value Circuit 371
9.5 Sign Changing Circuit 377
9.6 Troubleshooting Tips for Arithmetic Circuits 380

383

10.1 Nonideal DC Characteristics 383
10.2 Nonideal AC Characteristics 392
10.3 Summary and Recommendations 401

11 SPECIALIZED DEVICES 404

11.1 Programmable Op Amps 404
11.2 Instrumentation Amplifiers 405
11.3 Logarithmic Amplifiers 409
11.4 Antilogarithmic Amplifiers 411
11.5 Multipliers/Dividers 413
11.6 Single-Supply Amplifiers 416
11.7 Multiple Op Amp Packages 422
11.8 Hybrid Operational Amplifiers 422

Appendices 424
Index 477