Page 9 - Op Amps Design, Applications, and Troubleshooting

viii Contents

3.3 Zero-Crossing Detector with Hysteresis 141
3.4 Voltage Comparator with Hysteresis 149
3.5 Window Voltage Comparator 156
3.6 Voltage Comparator with Output Limiting 161
3.7 Troubleshooting Tips for Voltage Comparators 170
3.8 Nonideal Considerations 171

4 OSCILLATORS 173
4.1 Oscillator Fundamentals 173
4.2 Wien-Bridge Oscillator 174
4.3 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator 180
4.4 Variable-Duty Cycle 190
4.5 Triangle-Wave Oscillator 204
4.6 Troubleshooting Tips for Oscillator Circuits 209
4.7 Nonideal Considerations 210

5 ACTIVE FILTERS 212
5.1 Filter Fundamentals 212
5.2 Low-Pass Filter 214
5.3 High-Pass Filter 221
5.4 Bandpass Filter 228
5.5 Band Reject Filter 236
5.6 Troubleshooting Tips for Active Filters 246

6 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUITS 248

6.1 Voltage Regulation Fundamentals 248
6.2 Series Voltage Regulators 256
6.3 Shunt Voltage Regulation 265
6.4 Switching Voltage Regulators 275
6.5 Over-Current Protection 279
6.6 Over-Voltage Protection 282
6.7 Power-Fail Sensing 285
6.8 Troubleshooting Tips for Power Supply Circuits 286

7 SIGNAL PROCESSING CIRCUITS 289

7.1 The Ideal Diode 289
7.2 Ideal Rectifier Circuits 291
7.3 Ideal Biased Clipper 299
7.4 Ideal Clamper 307
7.5 Peak Detectors 316