Page 206 - Open-Hole Log Analysis and Formation Evaluation

.
,
*
+
it
to
ray
the
is
‘a
3%
2%
other
sium,
stages
“dead
a
strikes
Today,
Mark
has
146
of light
shower
Indeed,
/
releases
HEL =
produce
measure
electrical
of
contains
materials,
a
and
becoming
salts
materials
the
potassium
equivalent
‘containing
until
logging
then
the
the
radioactivity
in
time”
radioactivity.
OPERATING
2%
Traditionally,
struck
a
to
on
field
common
mixture
Welex,
theré
a
resistor
to
the
the
275
350
500
350
400
may
350
crystal,
bundle
two
a
and
silver-magnesium.
practically
of
same
main
montmorillonite
to
final
strikes
a
4.3%
swamped
be
between
can
of
of electrons.
a
a.sodium
all
industry:
can
4
Kaolinite
strike
clay
equivalents
water
by
clay
give
types
Each
due
potassium.
PRINCIPLE
sodium
This
a
:
of
number
common
has
Hostile-environment
to
be no
An
and
iodide
(i.e.,
contains
OF
denominator,
Halliburton
electrode
gamma
electrons.
potassium,
another
register
iodide
8%
minerals
the
photon,
minerals,
contained
single photon
voltage
less
the
numerous
process
ray
basis;
gamma
logging.
crystal
photocathode
in
is
of gamma
standard

25,000
20,000
20,000
10,000
20,000
These,
many
vary
GAMMA
practically
ray
20,000.
for
“average”
Company.
Geiger-Mueller
than
sand,
pulse
the
crystal.
tools
. BH (psi) ”* (inches) (°F) Temperature Pressure , OD-- Gamma Tool (NGT) and Natural Tool (SGT) TABLE 10.1 Scintillation Gamma Ill. OPEN-HOLE LOGGING MEASUREMENTS
conducts
when
thorium
(fig.
in
rays
the presence
amount
electrode,
signals.
no
made
of light
a
average
RAY
and
1%.
is
shale
The
use
silts,
potassium
of
per
gamma
repeated
counts
turn,
pores
which
is
from
10.4).
hitting
detectors
small
HEL*
shale
ray
unit
and
example,
TOOLS

enormously
Lithology
‘Lithology
Lithology
equivalent
producing
potassium,
: per second without system has a very short that signals current through a_ a number of through an in an are accelerated the or cesium antimony This emitted. ray When a gamma detectors scintillation scintillation detectors. used have been of the shale. of dissolved potassium or natural Occasionally, (Appendix 4), and whereas illite in their. natural for shale.
(SGT)
a
even
3.5%
tiny

‘in
gamma
bigger
flash
photocathode,
potas-

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FIGURE 10.1 Classification of the Radioactive Disintegration Series.