Page 51 - Open-Hole Log Analysis and Formation Evaluation

Tf,
will
on
atoms
centage
can
position.
the
then
circuit.
carbons
flow
For
sufficient
be.a
(higher
other
of each
are
to
Such
C
a
gas
through which
Flame-lonization
chamber senses
hand,
through
is
constant
a
ionize
function
example,
A high-temperature
mud
the
device
if
norm
of
the
flow
numbers)
“equivalent
or
a
terms of equivalent methane
Detector
can
a
encountered,
weighted
both
(see
mixture
air
ionized

hydrogen
be
by
passes
the
the
of
(FID)
cuttings
mixture
methane
its
and
gas:
the presence the
mixture
C
gas
flame
of
gas
turn
heat
in air (EMA).
hydrocarbons.

is
:
is
containing
is
mud
of
detectors
air,”
with
through
accurately
1983)
or
is
the
A pair
number.
the

gases
to
The
EMA.
For
conductivity
circulated.
produce
with
maintained
concentration
methane
monitored
ions by the small
calibrated.
report
in
detector,
hydrogen
a
Thus,
the

and
and
more
When
The response of the
of electrodes
its
“total
the
example:
in
75%
combustion
flame
gas
mud log.
Regulators
the
per-
units
gas”
is
in
carbon
hydro-
chamber
current that
device
com-

i
n
Bit
To
Gas
(fig.
Gas
Cl
C2
C4
C3
C4
is
is
size
Volume
2.2).
C Number
also
determine
Gas
related
the
Butane
Ethane
to
Propane
Methane
Different
combined
of mud/unit
passed through
Iso-butane
the
to
Chromatography
CH,
length
C2He
C3Hs
CsHio
CaHio
obtain

drilling
composition
mechanical
Formula
components
of hole
of
4
6
4
8
2
%
of the
a
details
process.
the
raw
gas,
acolumn packed with
a
gas
Present
an
readings
normalized
/ EMA X 1 = 25% 25 independent of the of the drilling the raw total gas reading to give will be: the response detector then through the passes These are a “dilution ratio” that is air be made in should Penetration rate total-gas detectors of any of these Calibration Mud-pump output Calibration Detector variables These include: It common to correct the the CCD
mixture
- EMA
for
a
take
»
8X1=8
Electrodes
6X4=24
4X%3=12
chromatograph
6X2=12
reading
only
Charge
61%
process.
is
inert powdered
Recorded
i. qT
number
;
that
multiplied
Chromatogram
as
and
EMA:
halfas
is
of
used.
solid
different
by
25%