Page 52 - Open-Hole Log Analysis and Formation Evaluation

Ls:
gd
in
the
For
can
may
can
(by
that
The
used
rate.
stain,
Rock
a
Color
every
Since
cut
be
Fossils
be
ool,
to
do
2
hard
Porosity
Cement
Visual
"WRITTEN
Cuttings
Appendix
to
ft.
That
Chemical
limestone,
good
and
brachiopod
depth)
cuttings
determine:
fixed
Fluor
Grst,
and
by
is,
Sedimentary
rock
2B
it takes
example:
HYDROCARBON
are
Approximate
presence
cut
keep
and/or
oil
to
detected
describe
brn,
translated
one
after
order
with
oolitic,
if the
of the
up
makeup
by
about
to
Texture—including
is
a
or
is
this
a
Inspection
bryozoa,
DESCRIPTION.
15
rocks
matrix
visually
shows
their
to
structures
porosity,
accessories
type—underlined
in
used
grain
med-crs,
drilling
mean:
length
reported
drilling
and
fluorescence.
chapter
this
number
, component. of each or ppk is recorded on the log in ppm the chromatograph Output from discussed. detectors already another of the gas detected on the the times to travel 39 EVALUATION DATA FORMATION OF GATHERING I. METHODS 33
DETERMINATION.
report
arg,
grainstone,
rate
size,
thus:
of
of hydrocarbons
A written
journey
materials
If
is
rate
lithology,
glauconitic,
lists
inspected
up
results
of
100
8
all
and
followed
brown,
on
samples
good
will
geological
Brach-Bry,
a
by
minutes to process
the
ft/hr
roundness,
be
ft/hr,
description
column
through
of techniques.
every
a
texture
the
glauc,
and
medium
25
hydrocarbons
the
and
regular
ft
gd
best
These
are
(4
follows
samples
interparticle
mud
a
function
telegraphese.
classification
coarse,
each sample,
sorting
that
basis
.
per
abbreviations
still
can
a
set
the
in
be
include:
exiting
of
+
mud
porosity,
column
hour).
present
may
order
rules
in
they
intpar, por, gd Stn,
good
commonly
argillaceous,
so
Thus,
frequency
of the drilling
handled
be
logger
to

at
15
35
45
25
"to
the
Oil
less
Gas
acid
The
with
Ifno
to
to
more
When
reagent
35
to.45
If either
method
25
analysis
tinguish
than
which
qualifier
is
correlates
or.over
Suggested
calcimeter
reacts
it
in
API Gravity
CALCIMETRY.
15
the
wetness
slowly
for example)
seen
(see
character
is
reading
low density
formation.
EVALUATION
when
a
with
ways
added.
diagnostics
solvent-extracted
than
order
ratio
fluorescence
OF
limestone
carbonates—a
to
Light-to-heavy-ratio
well with
relative
the
is
measures
to
These
mud
the
This
Haworth
qualifier
bleeding
A weighed
liberated.
white
Color
cream
is
log
et
brown
orange
excessive
are:
(GWR)
(high API)
seen
rock
both
SHOWS
(LHR)
it
reported
or
al.
(CaCOs)
reaction
the API
to
is
on
blue-white
combine
the
Since
(OCQ)
hydrocarbon
reaction
or
sample
to
are
distinguish
usually
that
is
fingerprint
the
a
1984)
the
the
form
methane
yellow
as
=
=
of use
=
concentrations
with
is
the
: the color seen). influenice light, these hydrocarbons will fluoresce (the API gravity of the the from be may odor.” In ordinary light, the cuttings may have a odor” an “oil can nose A trained reagents to chemical the sample Subjecting ultraviolet light under Visual inspection the sample Smelling 2. MUD LOGGING
contact with a standard volume of HCI
violet
volume
to
rock
forms
hydrocarbons.
of Fluorescence
dolomite
gravity—that
referred
solvent
of cuttings
true
carbon
the
reaction
shown.
suggests
untreated
readings
to
of these
is,
The
of CO>
present.
a
be able
in
as
limestone,
(a few cc)
(CaMg
basis
with
that brings out any hydrocarbon still
to
using
it
fragments.
from
OCQ
high
cut
in
dioxide
(usually
sample
for
is
C2+ AGLT,
table
1
COs)
formation
(C4+05)/C3
three
(C1+C2)/(C3
liberated
LHR
gas
is
g)
ratio
carbonates
(chlorothene
then
Other
estimate
2.1.
+
is
is
dolomite
in
inaclosed
a
or
and
a
| | po ultraviolet Under visible oil stain a from
ratios
possible
C4
the sample.
content.
(CO2).
productivity in a semiquantitative manner. Anumber of authors
The
calcimetry.
the
to
to
present,
of use
placed
as
+05)
used include hydrochloric acid, which will cause bubbling on contact
chemical
chemicals
acetone,
chamber.
in
proceeds
have
formation
oi! will
sample.
One
type
“condensate
chromatographic
a
cotresponds
LHR
— dis- rate The the Such _ or oil