Page 9 - Optofluidics Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications
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viii Co n t e n t s
6-2 Integration of Colloidal Photonic Crystals
into Microfluidic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
6-2-1 Crystallization of Colloids in the
Microfluidic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
6-2-2 Applications of Integrated Colloidal
Photonic Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
6-3 Optofluidic Synthesis of Spherical Photonic
Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
6-3-1 Direct Synthesis of Photonic Balls
in the Solid State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
6-3-2 Optofluidic Encapsulation of
Crystalline Colloidal Arrays . . . . . . . 124
6-4 Conclusions and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
6-5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
7 Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Fibers: Properties
and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
7-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
7-1-1 Optical Fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
7-1-2 Optical Fiber Postprocessing . . . . . . . 135
7-1-3 Optofluidics: History and
Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
7-1-4 Fiber-Based Optofluidics . . . . . . . . . . 138
7-2 Grapefruit-Fiber Optofluidic Devices . . . . . . 143
7-3 Optofluidic Transverse Fiber Quasi-2-D
Photonic Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
7-3-1 Optofluidic Transverse PCF . . . . . . . . 148
7-3-2 Dynamic Optofl uidic
Attenuator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
7-4 Ultracompact Microfl uidic
Interferometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
7-5 Fluidic Photonic Bandgap Fiber . . . . . . . . . . . 158
7-6 Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
7-6-1 Photonic Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
7-6-2 Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
7-7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
8 Adaptive Optofluidic Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
8-1 Switching and Beam Deflection . . . . . . . . . . . 178
8-1-1 Switches Based on Total Internal
Reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
8-1-2 Grating-Based Switches . . . . . . . . . . . 182
8-1-3 Deflectors and Beam Scanners . . . . . 183
