Page 6 - Partition & Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems

vi CONTENTS

4.5 Polanyi Adsorption Potential Theory 45
4.6 Surface Areas of Solids 48
4.7 Isosteric Heat of Adsorption 50

5 Contaminant Partition and Bioconcentration 53
5.1 Introduction 53
5.2 Octanol–Water Systems 54
5.3 Heptane–Water Systems 59
5.4 Butanol–Water Systems 62
5.5 Substituent Contributions to Partition Coefficients 63
5.6 Lipid–Water Systems 68
5.6.1 Solubility of Solutes in Lipids 68
5.6.2 Lipid–Water Partition Coefficient 72
5.7 Correlations of Partition Coefficients 77
5.8 Bioconcentration of Organic Contaminants 80

6 Adsorption of Vapors on Minerals and Other Solids 86

6.1 Introduction 86
6.2 Nitrogen Isotherm and Solid Surface Area 86
6.3 Micropore Volume 90
6.4 Improper Surface-Area Measurement 92
6.5 Adsorption of Water and Organic Vapors 100

7 Contaminant Sorption to Soils and Natural Solids 106
7.1 Introduction 106
7.2 Background in Sorption Studies 107
7.2.1 Influences of Mineral Matter, Organic Matter, and
Water 107
7.2.2 Soils as a Dual Sorbent for Organic Compounds 109
7.3 Sorption from Water Solution 112
7.3.1 General Equilibrium Characteristics 112
7.3.2 Effect of Soil Organic Matter versus Sediment
Organic Matter 124
7.3.3 Effect of Contaminant Water Solubility 133
7.3.4 Behavior of PAHs versus Other Nonpolar
Contaminants 138
7.3.5 Estimation of Sorption Coefficients for Nonpolar
Contaminants 145
7.3.6 Sorption to Previously Contaminated Soils 146
7.3.7 Deviations from Linear Sorption Isotherms 149
7.3.8 Influence of Dissolved and Suspended Natural
Organic Matter 168
7.3.9 Influence of Surfactants and Microemulsions 178