Page 10 - Physical Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis

viii Contents

3.12 Thermal stress 60
3.13 Thermal stress compared with lithostatic stress 60
3.14 Buoyancy and effective stress 61
3.15 Effective stress in 3D 63
3.16 Euler and Lagrange coordinates 64
3.17 An important Lagrange coordinate 67
3.18 Conservation laws in 1D 68
3.19 Mass conservation 69
3.20 Momentum balance (Newton’s second law) 70
3.21 Particle paths and streamlines 74
3.22 Streamlines in 2D 75
3.23 Further reading 79
4 Compressibility of rocks and sediments 80
4.1 Rock compressibility 80
4.2 More compressibilities 84
4.3 Compressibility of porosity and the solid volume 86
4.4 Effective pressure coefficients 88
4.5 Compaction of sediments 88
4.6 Gravitational compaction of a hydrostatic clay layer 90
4.7 Further reading 93
5 Burial histories 94
5.1 Porosity as a function of net sediment thickness 95
5.2 Pre-calibration of burial history calculations 97
5.3 Porosity as a function of z 99
5.4 Erosion 100
5.5 Numerical compaction computation 102
5.6 Further reading 104
6 Heat flow 105
6.1 The temperature equation 106
6.2 Stationary 1D temperature solutions 109
6.3 Heat generation 112
6.4 Stationary 1D temperature solutions with heat generation 115
6.5 Heat flow and geotherms in stable continental areas 122
6.6 Stationary geotherms in the lithospheric mantle 124
6.7 Sediment maturity and vitrinite reflectance 127
6.8 Stationary heat flow in a sphere 132
6.9 Transient cooling of a sphere 134
6.10 Heat flow and salt domes 138
6.11 Forced convective heat transfer 140
6.12 Transient convective heat flow 147
6.13 Heat flow in fractures 151
6.14 Instantaneous heating or cooling of semi-infinite half-space 154