Page 11 - Physical Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis

Contents ix

6.15 Cooling sills and dikes 159
6.16 Solidification and latent heat of fusion 167
6.17 Solidification of sills and dikes 170
6.18 Periodic heating of the surface 173
6.19 Variable surface temperature 177
6.20 Temperature transients from sediment deposition or
erosion 181
6.21 Conservation of energy once more 186
6.22 Mantle adiabat 191
6.23 Further reading 193
7 Subsidence 194
7.1 Isostatic subsidence 194
7.2 Thickness of crustal roots 198
7.3 Subsidence from eustatic sea level changes 200
7.4 Basin subsidence by crustal thinning 200
7.5 The McKenzie model of basin subsidence 202
7.6 The thermal transient of the McKenzie model 207
7.7 The surface heat flow of the McKenzie model 211
7.8 The thermal subsidence of the McKenzie model 213
7.9 Lithospheric stretching of finite duration 215
7.10 Finite duration stretching and temperature 221
7.11 Lithospheric extension, phase changes and subsidence/uplift 224
7.12 Lithospheric extension and decompression melting 230
7.13 Thermal subsidence of the oceanic lithosphere 238
7.14 Backstripping and tectonic subsidence 242
7.15 Subsidence of the Vøring margin, NE Atlantic 246
7.16 Stretching and thinning of the sediments 252
7.17 Further reading 259
8 Rheology: fracture and flow 260
8.1 Faults 260
8.2 Friction 260
8.3 Stick–slip faulting 263
8.4 The slider-block model of stick–slip motion 264
8.5 Fracture 268
8.6 Hydrofracturing 271
8.7 Ductile flow and yield strength envelopes 273
8.8 Further reading 281
9 Flexure of the lithosphere 282
9.1 Equation for flexure of a plate 282
9.2 Flexure from a point load 289
9.3 Flexure from a point load on a broken plate 294
9.4 Flexure and lateral variations of the load 295