Page 25 - Physical chemistry understanding our chemical world

xxiv LIST OF SYMBOLS

I o intensity of incident light beam m mass
I ionic strength M relative molar mass
I ionization energy n number of moles
J rotational quantum number; rotational n number of electrons in a redox
quantum number of an excited reaction
state n m amount of material in an adsorbed
J rotational quantum number of ground monolayer
state N number
k force constant of a bond p pressure
k proportionality constant p (i) partial pressure of component i
O
k rate constant p (i) vapour pressure of pure i
5
k pseudo rate constant p O standard pressure of 10 Pa
rate constant of an nth-order reaction q heat energy
k n
rate constant for the back reaction of Q charge
k −n
an nth-order reaction Q reaction quotient
k (n) rate constant of the nth process in a r separation between ions
multi-step reaction r radius of a circle or sphere
k a rate constant of adsorption r bond length
k d rate constant of desorption r bond length in an optically excited
Henry’s law constant species
k H
K equilibrium constant r o equilibrium bond length
K correction constant of an ion-selective R electrical resistance
electrode s solubility
acidity constant (‘acid dissociation’ s stoichiometric ratio
K a
constant) S entropy
acidity constant for the nth S change in entropy
K a(n)
dissociation reaction S O standard entropy
basicity constant S ‡ entropy of activation
K b
equilibrium constant formulated in t time
K c
terms of concentration t 1 half life
2
equilibrium constant formulated in
K p T temperature
terms of pressure T optical transmittance
K s equilibrium constant of solubility
T o optical transmittance without a sample
(sometimes called ‘solubility
T K Krafft temperature
product’ or ‘solubility constant’) U internal energy
K w autoprotolysis constant of water U change in internal energy, e.g. during
K ‡ equilibrium constant of forming a reaction
transition state ‘complex’ v quantum-number of vibration
l length v quantum-number of vibration in an
m gradient of a graph excited-state species