Page 26 - Physical chemistry understanding our chemical world

LIST OF SYMBOLS xxv

v quantum-number of vibration in ν velocity
a ground-state species ν frequency (the reciprocal of the period
V volume of an event)
V voltage, e.g. of a power pack ν o frequency following transmission
V Coulomb potential energy (in Raman spectroscopy)
molar volume ξ extent of reaction
V m
w work ρ density
x controlled variable on the horizontal σ electrical conductivity
axis of a graph σ standard deviation
x deviation of a bond from its φ electric field strength (electrostatic
equilibrium length interaction)
mole fraction of i φ work function of a metal
x i
y observed variable on the vertical φ primary quantum yield
of a graph Φ quantum yield of a reaction
+
z charge on ion (so z for a cation χ electronegativity
and z for an anion) ω wavenumber of a vibration
−
Z compressibility (determined as ω = λ ÷ c)

γ activity coefficient Symbols for constants
mean ionic activity coefficient
γ ±
γ fugacity coefficient A Debye–H¨ uckel ‘A’factor
γ surface tension c the speed of light in vacuo
δ small increment c O standard concentration
∂ partial differential e charge on an electron, of value
change in a variable (so 1.6 × 10 −19 C
X = X (final form) − X (initial form) ) f mathematical operator (‘function of’)
ε extinction coefficient (‘molar decadic F Faraday constant, of value
absorptivity’) 96 485 C mol −1
relative permittivity
ε r Boltzmann constant, of value
k B
permittivity of free space −23
ε o 1.38 × 10
θ adsorption isotherm L Avogadro constant, of value
θ angle 6.022 × 10 23 mol −1
κ ionic conductivity Avogadro number, of value
N A
λ wavelength 6.022 × 10 23 mol −1
λ (max) the wavelength of a peak in a g acceleration due to gravity, of value
spectrum 9.81 m s −2
µ reduced mass h Planck constant, of value
µ i chemical potential of i 6.626 × 10 −34 Js
µ O standard chemical potential of i
i R gas constant, of value
ν stoichiometric constant 8.314 J K −1 mol −1