Page 11 - Pipeline Pigging Technology

Tool capabilities 262
Information and data handling 264
Tool operational data and sensitivity 267
Tool performance 267
Case study 1 276
Case study 2 278
Cable-operated and self-contained ultrasonic pigs 285
The ultrasonic stand-off method 287
Ultrasonic pipeline inspection tools 288
The assessment of pipeline defects detected during
pigging operations 303
On-line inspection data 305
Calculating the failure pressure of corrosion in pipelines 314
Safety factors on failure pressures 315
A methodology 318
Bi-directional ultrasonic pigging: operational experience 325
Pipeline, pig and other details 327
Corrosion surveys with the UUraScan pig 335
Basic principles 335
Equipment description 338
High-accuracy calliper surveys with the Geopig
pipeline inertia! geometry tool 343
Hardware 345
Data presentation: the Geodent software 350
Analysis of features 355
Recent advances in piggable wye design and applications 365
North Sea wye junctions 365
Research and development 370
Advances in design approach 371
Applications 376
Wye vs riser connection 378
Wye vs tee 382
Pigging characteristics of construction, production and
inspection pigs through piggable wye fittings 385
Geometry considerations 387
Pig-testing facility 389
Test procedures 393
Results 398

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