Page 8 - Pipeline Pigging Technology

CONTENTS

Part 1: Reasons and Regulations

Why pig a pipeline? 3
Pigging during construction 5
Pigging during operation 9
Specialist applications 12
On-line inspection techniques: available technology 17
Available ELI tools 18
Current HJ technology 19
Which technology is best? 29
US Government pipeline safety regulations 31
Congressional posture 31
DOT/OPS regulatory activities 33
Major pipeline safety issues 36
US Federal pipeline safety regulations 37
Pipeline safety regulations 37
Rehabilitation 38
Basic regulatory areas considered 39
Pipeline design for pigging 47
Design details 48
Pipeline components 50
Pre-inspection-survey activities for magnetic-flux
intelligent pigs 55
Pre-contract activities 56
Pipe-wall surface condition 59
Pipe-cleaning pigging 61
Optimization of inspection results 63
Pigging and inspection of flexible pipes 67
Understanding pipe construction 68
Composite construction and complex behaviour 70
Defects and modes of failure 72
Formulating an inspection programme 74
Pigging considerations 75
Environmental considerations and risk assessment related
to pipeline operations 79
National environmental policy act 81
Clean water act 82

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