Page 234 - Plant-Based Remediation Processes

226 M. Griga and M. Bjelkova ´

At the same time, the flax field trials in Canada and Australia were conducted from
the hygienic (not phytoextraction) point of view.
Grzebisz et al. (1997a) studied Pb and Cu accumulation by hemp, flax,
rapeseed and cereals in the Legnice-Glogow Industrial Region with industrial
pollution of 9,800 mg Cu kg 1 soil and 2,200 mg Pb kg 1 soil (Copper Smelters
Factory). Pb was accumulated with studied plants in the decreasing order: rape-
seed > hemp > cereals > flax. Estimated phytoextraction potential of hemp was
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141 gPbha 1 and of flax 39 g Pb ha . Cu was accumulated with the following
order: hemp > rapeseed > cereals > flax, with estimated phytoextraction poten-
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tial of hemp 377 g Cu ha 1 and of flax of 54 g Cu ha . The important fact was
the yield of above-ground biomass of both fibre crops was not decreased as
compared to non-contaminated sites. The results in hemp were compared with
data obtained in the same region, but another locations with different HMs
pollution (Grzebisz et al. 1997b).
Grabowska and Baraniecki (1997) and Baraniecki et al. (2001) working in the
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same industrially polluted region (locations Biechov and Zukowice) studied varie-
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tal differences and the effect of N-fertilisation (60 and 120 kg N ha ) on HMs
accumulation (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) in hemp (cvs Beniko and Bialobrzeskie) and flax
(Wiko, Nike and Alba). There were no differences in Cd accumulation between cvs
and plant organs; in contrast, Pb was more accumulated in the stem as compared to
the seed, while Cu was more accumulated in the seed. Higher N-fertilisation dose
did not confirm expected increase in HMs accumulation; in addition the yield of
above-ground biomass was higher in polluted soil. Straczynski and Andruszczak
(1996) studied in the same Polish location the accumulation of Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cd,
Ni and Cr into seeds, leaves and stem of hemp cv. Bialobrzeskie. The Cu and Pb
content in seeds, leaves and stems positively correlated with the concentrations of
particular elements in the soil. Seeds concentrated maximum content of Ni. Ni, Cr,
Cd and Mn content was comparable to contents recorded in non-contaminated
location.
Angelova et al. (2004) studied bioremediation potential of fibre crops (hemp,
flax, cotton) in polluted area in Bulgaria. The experimental plots were situated at
different distances (0.5 and 15 km) from the source of pollution—the Non-Ferrous-
Metal Works (MFMW) near Plovdiv. The content of studied heavy metals (Cd, Pb,
Cu and Zn) decreased with the distance from the source of pollution. The highest
concentration of studied HMs were found in inflorescence (flower) and the lowest
in fibre with usual trend: flower (inflorescence) > root > stem > leaves > seed >
fibre. Linger et al. (2002) studied on site accumulation of HMs by hemp (cv. JUSO
31) in Hagen (Nordhein–Westfalen, Germany). The field was fertilised with sewage
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sludge containing 102 mg Cd kg , 419 mg Ni kg 1 and 454 mg Cd kg . The HMs
were accumulated with decreasing trend: Ni > Pb > Cd with the highest concen-
tration in leaves. Cd was accumulated 26-fold less than Ni. Accumulation trend for
particular elements was as follows—Ni: leaves > seed > hurds > fibres; Pb:
leaves > fibres > hurds > seed; Cd: leaves > seed > fibres > hurds. The hemp
plants accumulated 126 g Cd ha 1 per vegetation period.