Page 104 - Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

80 Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

Thermoprobe Tube
PCM sample

Data logger system
Water bath I Water bath II
Software

Fig. 3.2 A schematic diagram of the experimental rig [15].

with a set heating rate [15]. Several researchers have used this technique to make sure
that the composite PCM is stable in the working temperature range [19-21].

3.3 PCM building applications and incorporations methods

Since the 1970s, numerous studies have assessed the possibility of the use of PCMs
in many potential building applications, to improve the thermal comfort of concrete
technology. The use of PCMs in various building applications necessitates a develop-
ment of a novel route for preparing PCM composite allowing the improvement of their
thermal conductivities by using an easier and lower-cost process. Accordingly, the use
of a novel process for PCM development requires detailed knowledge of their incor-
poration methods. Nearly, many ways were suggested for incorporation of PCMs
within construction materials by either direct incorporation, immersion, encapsula-
tion, shape stabilization, or form-stable composite PCMs [7].

3.3.1 Direct incorporation

This technique is the simplest and economical method in which PCMs are directly
mixed with the construction materials such as mortar, gypsum, concrete, or plaster
during production [7]. No additional equipment is needed in this method, but leakage
of PCMs and their incompatibility with building materials may be the biggest
problems [8].

3.3.2 Immersion
It is reported that this technology based on capillary action by the dipping and the
absorption of melted PCM into internal pores of the construction elements such as
concrete, gypsum, or brick blocks[8], have a leakage problem, especially for long term
use [22]. That may affect the durability and the mechanical properties of the building
structure components [8]. The two techniques, direct and immersion, have different