Page 33 - Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

12 Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

polymerization of a 0.1 M aniline (stabilizer) solution containing palladium
nanoparticles. The results showed a Pd-PANI as a highly sensitive and selective sensor
for methanol vapors and also a stable response for an extended long time.
In another research [83], fabrication of the acrylamide Pd(II) nitrate complex and
Pd(CH 2 ]CHCONH 2 ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 (PdAAm) was studied on the SiO 2 (Al 2 O 3 , C) surface.
Thiagarajan et al. [84] synthesized palladium nanoparticles based composite
electrodes by employing polyaniline (PA) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA),
in which nanopalladium composite films were generated electrochemically via using
antioxidant NDGA and electroactive polymer PA.

1.3.2.3 Polymer gold nanocomposites
Recently, several much potential have been showed for the polymer-modified gold
nanoparticles for the advanced material applications [85]. The first gold nanoparticles
(AuNPs) are pointed back to nineteenth century, while Faraday (1857) represented the
first gold colloids [86]. Some applications of gold nanoparticles are surface-enhanced
Raman spectroscopy, biosensing and imaging, drug delivery, photothermal therapy in
cancer treatment, and optoelectronics [87]. Due to the tunable stability, low inherent
toxicity, biocompatibility, and plasmon resonance effects of polymer/gold
nanocomposites, they illustrate various specific characteristics such as light scattering
reduction, color change, and transparency [88].
Zhang et al. [86] represented different types of Au-CNT nanocomposites on behalf
of their synthesis and applications. Also, the smart core/shell nanocomposites of
intelligent polymers and gold nanoparticles were evaluated through their potential
applications, preparation, and characteristics. In a work [89], gold nanoparticle and
polypyrrole nanocomposites (AuNP/Ppy) were produced via employing in situ
polymerized pyrrole and tetrachloroauric acid as an oxidant with gold seeds.
Abdelrasoul et al. [90] prepared a hybrid nanocomposite resin with directly exploit-
able stereolithography (SL) processes by using a biodegradable and photocurable
polymer resin, polypropylene fumarate (PPF), and AuNPs. In this research, the AuNP
nanofillers were coated with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to increase the particles’
colloidal stability.

1.3.2.4 Cobalt-polymer nanocomposites

Cobalt and nickel oxide nanoparticles with magnetic properties are carried out for
conductive PNCs. The application for these PNCs is electronic fields (e.g., high-
density magnetic recording devices or magnetic sensors) [91-93]. Thiagarajan et al.
[84] represented the preparation of Co 3 O 4 and NiO nanoparticles by a simple
sol-gel approach and used it for the preparation of nanocomposites.

1.3.2.5 Polymer nickel nanocomposites

Goyala et al. [94] used chemical oxidation method to synthesize polyaniline/nickel
oxide (PANI/NiO) composites by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence