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forming), using large sizes of steel plates, particularly plate width, improving welding operations,
improving accuracy of edge preparations, minimization of welding lengths, maximization of
down-hand welding, minimization of cutting lengths of steel plates, widespread use of computer-aided
marking and cutting, minimization of scrap using efficient methods of plate nesting, utilization of
waste and minimization of rework.

Figure 4: Energy Demands for Welding

Figure 5: Holistic Approach of ship design

5 EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT IN SHIPBUILDING

A brief statement of the main energy and environment courses relevant to the shipbuilding and ship
repair industries is given below. These courses should improve the awareness of fbture engineers about
energy consumption and environmental impacts resulting from the manufacturing processes in the
shipbuilding and ship repair industries.

6 THE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SYSTEM

The course on Environmental Engineering System should include design, construction, operation,
maintenance and repair (M/R) and scrapping. Design is one of the main courses given in Faculties of
Engineering that has a close connection with the relevant issues of energy and environment. The
environmental dimension should be an integral part of the holistic approach of ship design, see Figure
5. The main objective of this holistic approach is to make safety, economy and environmental
protection an integral part of the ship design process. Unfortunately, the inadequacy of design for